In backward design, what is the most logical first step for planning a research unit?

In backward design, the initial step involves identifying desired learning outcomes and goals for students before developing assessments, materials, or timelines. This approach focuses on ensuring that all planning is aligned with the intended learning objectives.

By creating a final project rubric that aligns with state standards, educators establish clear performance criteria that define what students need to achieve by the end of the unit. This alignment guides all subsequent planning, ensuring that the instruction, activities, and assessments lead students toward meeting these established goals. It provides a foundation that helps teachers determine necessary content, instructional strategies, and classroom materials that will support student success in reaching those outcomes.

This logical progression from the end goal (assessed through the project rubric) back to the learning activities and materials ensures that every element of the unit is purposeful and aligned with the standards, fostering an effective educational experience.